Human Rights

• Universal Declaration of Human Rights – 1948
  
• International covenant on Civil and Political Rights – 1966
  (Entered into force on March 23, 1976)
  
• The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights-1966
  (Entered into force on January 3, 1976)
  
• First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on the submission of complaints by individuals -1966
  (Entered into force on March 23, 1976)
  
• Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty-1989
  (Entered into force on July 11, 1991)
  
• Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Cultural and Social on receipt of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of communications and consideration, December 2008.
  (Entered into force on May 5, 2013)

1. International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination – 1966
   (Entered into force on January 4, 1969)
   
   • Amendment to article 8 of the International
     Convention on the Elimination of All Forms Racial Discrimination - January 1992
     (decision of the Commission's decision No. CERD/SP/45, has been welcomed by the General Assembly in its resolution No. 111/47)
     (not yet in force )
   
   
2. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights - 1966
   (Entered into force on March 23, 1976)
   • First Optional protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on the submission of complaints by individuals - December 1966.
     (Entered into force on March 23, 1976)
     
   • Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty-December 1989.
     (Entered into force on July 11, 1991)
   
   
3. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights- 1966
   (Entered into force on Jun 3, 1976).
   • Optional protocol to the International Covenant on Economic. Cultural and Social on receipt of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of communications and consideration-December 2008
     (Entered into force on May 5, 2013).
   
   
4. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women- 1979.
   (Entered into force on 3 September 1981).
   
   • Amendment to paragraph 1 of Article 20 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women - December 1995 (General Assembly Resolution 50/202)
     (Has not enter into force to date)
   • Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women-1999
     (Entered into force on 22 December 2000)
   
   
5. Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment- 1984.
   (Entered into force on Jun 26, 1987).
   • Amendment Article 17, paragraph 7, and Article 18, paragraph 5, of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment - September 1992 (resolution the number CAT/SP/SR.4 Committee, has been welcomed by the General Assembly in its resolution No. 111 / 47)
     (not yet in force)
   • Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment -2002
     (Entered into force on 22June2006)
   
   
6. Convention on the Rights of the Child -1989
   (Entered into force on September 2, 1990).
   
   • Amendment to article 43, paragraph 2, of the Convention on the Rights of the Child - December 1995 (General Assembly resolution 155/50)
     (Entered into force on November 18, 2002)
   • Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict -2000
     (Entered into force on 12February 2002)
   • Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography -2000
     (Entered into force on January 18, 2002)
   • Third Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child to create a procedure to make and receive complaints of its own - 2011, (General Assembly Resolution No. 138/66)
     (not yet in force)
   
   
7. International Convention for the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families -1990
   (Entered into force on 1July 2003)
   
8. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities -2006
   (Entered into force on 3May 2008)
   • Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities -2006
     (Entered into force on 3 May 2008)
   
   
9. International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance -2007
   (Entered into force on December 23, 2010)
   

(1) local and National Mechanisms

• Executive Branch
• Legislative Branch
• Judicial Branch
• National Institutions for Human Rights
  • Paris Principles General Assembly resolution A/RES/48/134 United Nations
  • International coordinating Committee of National Institution for Human Rights (ICC)
  • Sub- Committee for adoption (SCA)
• Civil Society Organization

(2) Regional mechanisms

-European System

• European Court of Human Rights - 1959 (Strasbourg - France)
  (Established under the European Convention on Human Rights 1950)

-African system

• African Court for the protection of human and peoples' Rights -1998
  (Established under the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples rights)
• African Commission on Human and Peoples' rights -1981
  (Established under Article 30-45 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples rights)

-American system

• Inter-American Convention on Human Rights - 1969
  • Inter-American Commission on Human Rights - 1992
    (Established under Chapter VI, Article 33, Chapter VII of the American Convention on Human Rights)
  • Inter-American Court of Human Rights - 1980
    (Established under Chapter VI, Article 33, and Chapter VIII of the American Convention on Human Rights)

-Arab system:

• League of Arab States – 1948
  • Permanent Arab Committee for Human Rights
    (Established in 1968 under the decision of the Arab League Council at its fiftieth session, Resolution No:
    S 2443 / D 50 F 3 - 09/03/1968)
  • Arab Human Rights Committee
    (Established under Article 45 of the Arab Charter on Human Rights and adopted at the 16th summit of Arab League, resolution No. BC. BC. 270 / d p 16 - 05/23/2004)
• Organization of Islamic Cooperation -1969
  • Independent Permanent Commission on Human Rights
    (Approved by the Council of Foreign Ministers at the 38th session - Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan, Resolution No. 2/38- s 30/6/2011)
• Gulf Cooperation council -1981
  • GCC Human Rights office
    established within the GCC Secretariat General(the final statement for the 31 summit of the GCC Supreme Council on 6-7/12/2010)
    

(3) International Mechanisms

A- Contractual mechanisms or conventions:

Mechanisms established under international conventions or covenants adopted by the United Nations for the purpose of monitoring compliance and implementation by Member States of its provisions:

1. Committee on the Elimination of Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD)
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1966

2.The Human Rights Committee (CCPR)
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 1966

• First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on the submission of complaints by individuals - December 1966
• Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty - December 1989

3.Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR)
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966

• Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, cultural and social on receipt of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of the communications and consideration, December 2008

4.Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, 1979

• Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, 1989

5.The Committee against Torture (CAT)
Convention against Torture and Other cruel, , inhuman or degrading Treatment or Punishment 1984

• Sub-Committee Against Torture (SPT)
• Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment - 2002

6.Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC)
Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989

• Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed conflicts - 2000
• Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography- 2000
• Third Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child to create a procedure to make and receive complaints of its own -2011

7.Committee on Migrant Workers (CMW)
International Convention for the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families, 1990

8.The Committee to Protect the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2006

• Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2006

9.Committee on the Protection of All Persons against Enforced Disappearances (CED)
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, 2007

B- Non-contractual mechanisms

2.Confidential complaints Procedures / 1503
(Decision of the Economic and Social Council No.1503)

3.Universal Periodic Review (UPR)
(Decision of the General Assembly of the United Nations No. 251/60 establishing the Human Rights Council)